An innovative pharmacology curriculum for medical students: promoting higher order cognition, learner-centered coaching, and constructive feedback through a social pedagogy framework.

BACKGROUND: Ongoing developments in medical education recognize the move to curricula that support self-regulated learning processes, skills of thinking, and the ability to adapt and navigate uncertain situations as much as the knowledge base of learners. Difficulties encountered in pursuing this reform, especially for pharmacology, include the tendency of beginner learners not to ask higher-order questions and the potential incongruency between creating authentic spaces for self-directed learning and providing external expert guidance. We tested the feasibility of developing, implementing, and sustaining an innovative model of social pedagogy as a strategy to address these challenges. METHODS: Constructivism, communities of practice, and networked learning theory were selected as lenses for development of the model. Three hundred sixty-five first-year medical students participated between 2014 and 2018; they were introduced to pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics via 15 online modules that each included: learning objectives, a clinical vignette, teaching video, cumulative concept map, and small group wiki assignment. Five-person communities organized around the 15 wiki assignments were a key component where learners answered asynchronous, case-based questions that touched iteratively on Bloom's cognitive taxonomy levels. The social pedagogy model's wiki assignments were explored using abductive qualitative data analysis. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis revealed that learners acquired and applied a conceptual framework for approaching pharmacology as a discipline, and demonstrated adaptive mastery by evaluating and interacting competently with unfamiliar drug information. Learners and faculty acquired habits of self-directed assessment seeking and learner-centered coaching, respectively; specifically, the model taught learners to look outward to peers, faculty, and external sources of information for credible and constructive feedback, and that this feedback could be trusted as a basis to direct performance improvement. 82-94% of learners rated the social pedagogy-based curriculum valuable. CONCLUSIONS: This social pedagogy model is agnostic with regard to pharmacology and type of health professional learner; therefore, we anticipate its benefits to be transferable to other disciplines.

Mexican physical education teacher's self-reported and self-perception of teaching style / Auto-percepción y auto-reporte de estilos de enseñanza en profesores de educación física mexicanos / Autorrelato e autopercepção do estilo de ensino do professor mexicano de educação física

ABSTRACT To understand the self-reported and perception of teaching style used among Mexican physical education teachers. Participants included 104 (n=41 females and 63 males) elementary physical education teachers from northern Mexico. Results showed that a traditional teaching style tends to be mainly used either by male and female's physical education teachers. Showing differences between genders and teaching styles. Female teachers tend to combine a traditional teaching style with one that connects with students engaging in physical activity, developing positive values and attitudes. Cultural context plays an important aspect when developing a teaching self-perception.

RESUMEN Conocer el auto reporte y percepción del estilo de enseñanza entre docentes de educación física mexicanos. Participantes incluyeron 104 (n = 41 mujeres y 63 hombres) maestros de educación física básica del norte de México. Los resultados mostraron que un estilo de enseñanza tradicional tiende a ser utilizado principalmente por profesores de educación física, tanto hombres como mujeres. Mostrando diferencias entre géneros y estilos de enseñanza. Las maestras tienden a combinar un estilo de enseñanza tradicional que conecta con los estudiantes a participar en actividad física, desarrollando valores y actitudes positivas. El contexto cultural juega un aspecto importante a la hora de desarrollar una autopercepción docente.

RESUMO Compreender o autorrelato e a percepção do estilo de ensino utilizado por professores de educação física mexicanos. Os participantes incluíram 104 (n = 41 mulheres e 63 homens) professores de educação física elementar do norte do México. Os resultados mostraram que um estilo de ensino tradicional tende a ser usado principalmente por professores de educação física do sexo masculino e feminino. Mostrando diferenças entre gêneros e estilos de ensino. As professoras tendem a combinar um estilo de ensino tradicional com um que conecta os alunos em atividades físicas, desenvolvendo valores e atitudes positivas. O contexto cultural desempenha um aspecto importante no desenvolvimento da autopercepção do ensino.

[Rejection of closed placement in youth welfare: Two case reports and a discussion of needs and effectiveness]. / Ablehnung von Geschlossener Unterbringung in der Jugendhilfe.

Rejection of closed placement in youth welfare: Two case reports and a discussion of needs and effectiveness Abstract. Locked-door residential care in the custody of adolescents with severe behavioral problems has been a controversial subject in Germany for many decades. Sometimes the debate is held on an ideological level, sometimes it concerns the legal and ethical legitimacy of such actions, but it always is about providing the best care possible for severely disturbed adolescents with attachment disorder, severe conduct disorder, and psychosocial disintegration. Because of differing viewpoints on this issue, some German federal states have set up locked-door youth welfare institutions, whereas as others do not. Here, we present two stereotypical case constellations from the state of Saxony, where the absence of such locked-door residential institutions has served to shift the problem to clinics for child and adolescent psychiatry. Based on these case constellations, we discuss the present knowledge concerning the necessity and efficacy of these institutions. The discussion is followed by a critical reflection on constraint and autonomy in youth welfare.

Investigação sociodramática em um ato: pedagogia social a serviço da juventude / A sociodramatic investigation in one act: social pedagogy in the service of youth / Investigación sociodramática em un acto: pedagogía social al servicio de lajuventud

Os jovens do mundo de hoje experienciam desafios de diferentes ordens para a construção de seu projeto de vida e de modo particular; os jovens das classes populares, expostos a situações de vulnerabilidade, encontram poucos espaços para refletirem sobre os novos papéis sociais presentes na caminhada em direção a seu desenvolvimento pessoal-profissional. Os objetivos desta pesquisa-intervenção em um ato voltam-se para a compreensão do modo como jovens vinculados ao “Programa Ação Jovem”, desenvolvido em uma cidade do interior paulista, lidam com alguns desses desafios. O método de trabalho caracteriza-se como um Sociodrama, fundado na abordagem teórico-metodológica de Jacob Levy Moreno (1889-1974), que, como precursor da pesquisa-ação, considera todo ato sociopsicodramático um ato de investigação. Uma Pedagogia Social acontece.

Today, young people experience challenges of different orders to construct their life’s project and in a particular way; young people from lower social class, exposed to situations of vulnerability, has fewer opportunities to reflect on new social roles present in their personal and professional development process. The objectives of this intervention-research in one act is to understand how young people of the “Programa Ação Jovem”, developed in a city in the countryside of São Paulo, deal with some of these challenges. The working method is characterized as a Sociodrama, based on the theoretical and methodological approach of Jacob Levy Moreno (1889-1974), who, as an action-research precursor, considers every sociodramatic act as an investigation. A Social Pedagogy takes place.

Actualmente, los jóvenes tienen experiencias desafiantes de diferentes órdenes para la construcción de su proyecto de vida y de manera particular; los jóvenes de clases más bajas, expuestos a situaciones de vulnerabilidad, encuentran pocos espacios para reflexionar sobre los nuevos roles sociales en la caminata hacia su desarrollo personal-profesional. Los objetivos de esta investigación en un acto se vuelven para la comprensión del modo como jóvenes sujetos al “Programa Acción Joven”, desarrollado en una ciudad del interior paulista, manejan con algunos de estos desafíos. El método de trabajo se caracteriza como un Sociodrama, basado en el enfoque teórico y metodológico de Jacob Levy Moreno (1889-1974), que, como un precursor de la investigación-acción, considera todo acto sociopsicodramático un acto de investigación. Ocurre una Pedagogía Social.

O milagre do Candeal e a pedagogia do ócio humanista: transformações sociais a partir da música / The miracle of Candeal and the pedagogy of humanistic leisure: social transformations from music

Pautado nos registros fílmicos do documentário El Milagro del Candeal este estudo teve por objetivo analisar se há relações entre ações realizadas na periferia de Salvador, Bahia, e a pedagogia do ocio humanista. A relação dialógica entre pedagogia humanista e Candeal foi observada nas transformações locais, tanto nas estruturas físicas e urbanísticas, quanto no fortalecimento de seus moradores. A organização em torno da música corrobora potenciais educativos do lazer e suas interferências na transformação social. As ações sócio educativas no Candeal desenvolvidas pelo Pracatum, escola de música, promovem a educação musical em harmonia com os valores da educação cidadã, a partir de uma pedagogia social dinâmica e transformadora. As cenas fílmicas ultrapassam as fronteiras da musicalidade e apontam fortalecer o sentido de pertencimento, reforçando valores, identidade e senso comunitário dos moradores.

Based on the film records of the documentary El Milagro del Candeal, this study aimed to analyze if there are relations between actions carried out in the periphery of Salvador, Bahia, and the pedagogy of humanistic leisure. The dialogical relationship between humanist pedagogy and Candeal was observed in the local transformations, both in the physical and urban structures, and in the strengthening of its inhabitants. The organization around music corroborates educational potential of leisure and its interference in social transformation. The socio-educational actions in Candeal developed by Pracatum, music school, promote musical education in harmony with the values of citizen education, based on a dynamic and transformative social pedagogy. The film scenes go beyond the boundaries of musicality and aim to strengthen the sense of belonging, reinforcing values, identity and community sense of the residents.

Educación para la salud con adolescentes: un enfoque desde la pedagogía social en contextos y situaciones de vulnerabilidad / Health education adolescents and approach from Social pedagogy, in contexts of vulnerability

Resumen Enmarcados en el contexto actual de globalización existen múltiples factores sociales, económicos, culturales, de política pública y comunicación, los cuales pueden afectar el bienestar del individuo y la colectividad. Es así, como la realidad contemporánea posiciona a los adolescentes como un grupo atáreo de interés particular para las organizaciones internacionales y de control; quienes lo perciben como una figura vulnerada, que demanda atención social y de salud; a su vez representa el futuro de la comunidad. En este sentido, la educación permite crear estrategias de alto rendimiento para la salud. Por medio de intervención educativa, desde el ámbito social y comunitario, se alfabetiza en salud; recurriendo a la pedagogía social, ciencia que brinda por medio de la ASC (animación sociocultural) estrategias para el empoderamiento en la salud de la sociedad. El concepto de educación para la salud no es nuevo. Es un constructo que se ha modificado acorde con las necesidades del individuo en el contexto social; han surgido divergencias en relación con el campo de acción de este; justamente, en muchos casos no existe una sistematización y organización de la misma. De la misma manera, falta realizar seguimiento o evaluación a las actividades relacionadas con la promoción; se debe evidenciar mayores resultados en relación con las intervenciones que han surgido desde las diferentes disciplinas. Ha existido un desinterés relacionado con la promoción, se ha enfatizado más a los aspectos relacionados con la atención y tratamiento, lo cual ha llevado no solo al aumento en la morbilidad, sino a la crisis económica la que se encuentra el sector salud por costos incalculables del tratamiento y control de las enfermedades crónica.

Abstract Within the current context of globalization, there are multiple social, economic, cultural, communication and health policy factors that affect the well-being of each individual and of the community. Contemporary reality positions adolescents as a group of activities of particular interest to international and control organizations; Is conceived as a violated figure, which demands social and health care; In turn represents the future of the community. In this sense, education allows the creation of high performance strategies for health. Through educational intervention, from the social and community level, literacy in health; Using social pedagogy, a science that provides through the ASC (sociocultural animation) strategies for empowerment in the health of society. The concept of health education is not new. It is a construct that has been modified according to the needs of the individual in the social context, have emerged divergences in relation to the field of action of this, precisely in many cases there is no systematization and organization of it. In the same way, there is no need to follow up or evaluate the activities related to the promotion, it is necessary to show greater results in relation to the interventions that have arisen from the different disciplines. There has been a lack of interest related to the promotion, has been emphasized more to the aspects related to care and treatment, leading not only to the increase in morbidity, but to the economic crisis that the health sector is incalculable costs of treatment and Control of chronic diseases.

Profesionalización de pedagogos sociales en latinoamerica. Otra lectura a los tránsitos entre la educación popular y la pedagogía social / Professionalization of social educators in latin america. Another reading of the transits between popular education and social pedagogy

El presente texto resultado de investigación da cuenta de cómo los encuentros y diálogos entre tradiciones socioeducativas, por un lado dan cuenta de las transiciones, cambios, conflictos y de los desafíos a enfrentar al responder a las demandas educativas que laspoblaciones, organizaciones y movimientos sociales presentan; y, por el otro, ponen de manifiesto las tensiones existentes en los escenarios políticos e institucionales, en lasexigencias del mercado laboral de los pedagogos sociales frente a los desarrollos académicos y formativos vinculados a su profesionalización. Los diálogos e intercambios, entonces, nohan sino, ni son ajenos a estos contextos, y es en ellos que se vienen configurando los referentes teóricos, metodológicos y práxicos de las actuales propuestas de formación de educadores sociales y de proyectos de pedagogía social crítica en América Latina.

This text is the result of a piece of research, which gives an account of how meetings and dialogues between educational traditions, on the one hand, recount, changes, conflicts, andchallenges to face in responding to educational demands that populations, organizations, and social movements present; and, on the other hand, they reveal existing tensions in political and institutional settings, the demands of the labor market of social educatorsagainst the academic and formative developments related to its professionalization. The dialogues and exchanges, then, have not but are not alien to these contexts, and it is inthem, which the theoretical, methodological, and practical references are configured of current proposals for the training of social educators and for projects of critical social pedagogy in Latin America.

Social pedagogy as a model to provide support for siblings of children with intellectual disabilities: A report of the views of the children and young people using a sibling support group.

The experiences of non-disabled children growing up with a sibling with an intellectual disability vary considerably, with reported impact ranging from increased mental health problems through evaluations of life enhancement. However, there is evidence that the net impact is neutral to positive, which was supported by the findings of this report of a service evaluation survey. The value of providing support to those young siblings is however clear. An established method of support is within a group of peers who also have a sibling with an intellectual disability, though no specific method for running this type of group has yet been fully explored. This article reports the views of 39 children taking part in such a group, analysing their perspective through a proposed model for the operation of sibling groups: social pedagogy. It was found that the closer the group's activities were to social pedagogy, the more supported the children and young people felt.

Educación social para la salud: proyección, acción y profesionalización / Social education for health: proyection, action and professionalization

La proyección socioeducativa en materia de salud para las ciencias sanitarias, así como las acciones educativas en campos socio-sanitarios, es determinante en los procesos, acciones y programas preventivos; y también, en la promoción de la salud ciudadana. En este artículo se presentan algunos fundamentos disciplinares de la Educación Social (ES), regulada como titulación profesional en Europa; y la Educación Social para la Salud (ESS), como especialización dentro de la misma. Igualmente, se recorren ciertas consideraciones sobre la profesionalización de los educadores sociales a partir de la Academia, así como las principales definiciones competenciales e implicaciones prácticas para los campos de acción. La ESS se encuentra dentro de los estudios de ES y de la práctica profesional, ofreciendo posibilidades de transformación y mejora, fundamentalmente a partir de la Educación en el ámbito no formal. Colombia presenta múltiples fenómenos y problemáticas sociales generalizadas y específicas donde la ES y la ESS pueden ser, a partir de su contextualización, muy útiles para la mejora del país.

The social-educational projection in matter of health for health sciences, as well as the educational actions in social and health fields, are crucial in the processes, actions and programs of prevention, as in the promotion of community health. In this paper there are given some disciplinary foundations of the Social Education (ES), regulated as a professional graduate in Europe, and in Social Education for Health (ESS) as a specialization within it. Likewise, certain considerations about the professionalization of social educators from the Academy are given, and some main definitions of competence and practical realities for the fields of action. Social Education for Health (ESS) is within the studies of Social Education and the professional practice, offering different possibilities of transformation and improvement, mainly from education in the non formal field. Colombia presents different general and specific social phenomena and problems where Social Education and Social Education for Health can be, from the contextualization, very useful for the transformation and improvement of the country.